WORKFORCE OPTIMIZATION IN AUTOMOTIVE TOOLING: AN ENVIRONMENTAL WORK SAMPLING MODEL
Kata Kunci:
Labor Optimization, Mold Repair, Productivity, Standard Time, Work SamplingAbstrak
Penelitian ini mengoptimalkan alokasi tenaga kerja pada perbaikan cetakan otomotif menggunakan metode Work Sampling yang terintegrasi dengan faktor lingkungan, guna mengatasi keterbatasan studi waktu konvensional yang sering mengabaikan variabel kontekstual. Data dikumpulkan melalui 210 observasi (42 per hari selama lima hari) di MWT, Ltd., dengan mempertimbangkan faktor lingkungan seperti suhu (31°C) dan getaran (0,5 m/s²). Analisis meliputi uji kecukupan data (N’=168,42), uji keseragaman, serta perhitungan waktu baku menggunakan faktor penilaian Westinghouse sebesar +0,24 dan allowance spesifik lokasi sebesar 80,5%, yang divalidasi menggunakan data historis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu baku perbaikan sebesar 53.157 menit per cetakan pada tingkat produktivitas 90%, atau meningkat 18% dibandingkan standar sebelumnya. Penerapan sistem kerja dua operator per shift mampu menurunkan backlog sebesar 22% dan mengurangi lead time dari 3,2 menjadi 2,6 hari. Faktor lingkungan berkontribusi sebesar 30% terhadap allowance, yang sebelumnya belum terkuantifikasi. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan model hibrida yang mengintegrasikan ergonomi lingkungan dalam analisis pekerjaan non-repetitif, serta memberikan kerangka praktis untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, alokasi sumber daya, dan efisiensi pemeliharaan di lingkungan manufaktur.
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