Integrated Emergency Communication System for Disaster Areas Using Long Range
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30871/jaic.v10i3.12753Keywords:
Bluetooth Low Energy, Global Positioning System, Long Range, Natural Disaster, Multi-HopAbstract
Natural disasters disrupt communication infrastructure, hindering emergency response coordination. This study designs and evaluates an integrated emergency communication system combining LoRa for transmission, GPS for geolocation, and BLE for alternative interface. The system comprises a Field Device with a 9-state finite-state machine, a Beacon Network forming a linear multi-hop relay chain with heartbeat-based node failure detection, and a Headquarter Device connected to the Blynk platform for monitoring and notifications. A custom binary protocol with 8 message types uses packed structures. All performance was evaluated in urban area, except maximum communication direct range in urban area and rural area. PDR achieves 100% up to 1,000 m Line-of-Sight with an average end-to-end latency of 1.02 s. A single beacon relay extends communication range to 2000 m compared to maximum direct communication range, 1288 m in rural area and 1044 m in urban campus area. Outdoor GPS accuracy measures 0.945 m, while indoor accuracy 28.68 m due to building attenuation. The system successfully detected motion >5 m with 100% sensitivity within 5 s. Usability testing average completion times of 14.84 s via physical interface and 23.85 s via mobile application. BLE range reaches 16 m outdoors and 11 m indoors. Operational durations were 4.32 h for the Field Device, 9.18 h for the Beacon Network, and 8.03 h for the Headquarter Device, falling short of the 12-hour target, necessitating aggressive GPS duty cycling and Wi Fi sleep modes. This study evaluates three critical factors for emergency response: network determinism, payload efficiency, and power autonomy.
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