Analisis Pengaruh Bayangan Sebagian Terhadap Karakteristik Daya Listrik pada PV Array
Abstract
Fenomena Photovoltaic Array (PV Array) tertutup bayangan sebagian sangat berpotensi terjadi pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Fenomena tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan perolehan daya listrik pada PLTS. Penurunan daya listrik ini dipengaruhi oleh seberapa besar bayangan yang timbul pada area PV Array. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian melalui pendekatan simulasi (software) dan eksperimental (hardware) untuk mengetahui efek tertutup bayangan sebagian terhadap penurunan daya listrik keluaran PV Array. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian secara praktis pada PV Array yang tersusun dari 25 modul PV 3-watt peak. PV Array ini memiliki konfigurasi 5 string dengan daya total 75-watt peak. Pada proses pengujian, digunakan beberapa skema tertutup bayangan sebagian dengan nilai persentase dan bentuk yang bervariasi. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengambil data arus dan tegangan pada catu daya keluaran PV Array. Selanjutnya daya PV Array dihitung dengan mengalikan nilai arus dan tegangan. Perhitungan ini kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk kurva karakteristik P-V (Daya-Tegangan). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, masing-masing skema tertutup bayangan sebagian memberikan dampak yang berbeda terhadap penurunan nilai daya listrik serta bentuk kurva karakteristik P-V yang dihasilkan selama proses pengujian. Pada kurva karakteristik P-V, ditemukan adanya sejumlah titik puncak daya (maksimum power point) dengan beragam variasi nilai puncak.
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