Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering
JAEE (Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering) e-ISSN: 2548-9682 merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh jurusan teknik elektro Politeknik Negeri Batam, INDONESIA. Jurnal ini merupakan jurnal terbuka serta tidak berbayar, yang mempublikasikan karya tulis dalam dua kali periode penerbitan (Juni dan Desember). JAEE terakreditasi SINTA 4 (No. 152/E/KPT/2023) oleh Kementrian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan RISTEK.
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Formalin Detection System in Fish with HCHO Sensor and pH Sensor Using Fuzzy Logic Method
This study aims to design a system for detecting formalin and pH levels in fish using the Mamdani Fuzzy Logic method. The system consists of an HCHO sensor and a pH sensor as the system input, and an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller as a data processor. The data is processed in real-time and classified into three categories. Testing was carried out on snapper samples with a duration of 1–60 minutes and 10 repeats of the experiment. The results of the study showed that the accuracy rate of the system was 91%. The system can identify formalin levels and classify them into safe (0 ppm formalin, pH 6,5), alert (12,42 ppm, pH 6,64), and danger (19,29 ppm, pH 5,42). The implementation of this system can facilitate the direct detection of formalin in fish and can help increase public awareness of the dangers of formalin.
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering
Potential Utilization of Palm Shells and Fibers as an Electricity Source in Bungo Regency
Indonesia faces an electricity crisis due to increasing demand and heavy reliance on fossil fuels. This study examines the potential of palm oil biomass waste—shells and fibers—as fuel for a steam power plant in Bungo Regency. The methodology applies the Direct Method (Equation 1) to estimate electricity potential based on a validated boiler efficiency of 73% and actual calorific values. The results reveal that palm shells have a potential of 21,024 GWh/year, while fibers can generate 49,056 GWh/year. A key novelty of this research is the determination of specific fuel requirements: 2,3 kg/kw of shells and 2,6 kg/kw of fibers are needed to produce 1 kW of electricity. These findings provide precise empirical data for regional energy planning and demonstrate that integrating palm biomass into local grids offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
IoT-Based Innovative Irrigation System for Chili Using Telegram Bot and Web Dashboard
Chili cultivation requires timely irrigation to maintain soil moisture, yet manual watering is inefficient and difficult to supervise remotely. This paper proposes an IoT-based irrigation system integrating a Telegram bot and a web dashboard for real-time monitoring and control. A soil-moisture sensor provides input to an ESP32 microcontroller, which drives a relay-operated pump using a threshold rule (ON when moisture <30%) and supports manual override via Telegram commands. Sensor readings are logged to Firebase and visualized on a Flask-based dashboard, which features moisture trend graphs. Telegram delivers notifications and supports command-based interaction. Experiments demonstrate an average accuracy of 98,57% and precision of 99,93% compared to a reference meter. End-to-end tests confirm a 0% delivery error, a Telegram notification latency of 1,0–1,8 seconds, and a pump response time of 5,3–5,9 seconds, demonstrating effective automation with practical remote supervision.
Real-Time IoT Temperature Monitoring Using Xiaomi Mijia BLE, ESP32, MQTT, and EMQX
Penelitian ini membahas perancangan dan implementasi sistem pengukuran suhu secara real-time menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dengan berfokus pada penggunaan protokol Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) dan perangkat Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan jembatan transmisi data yang mulus antara sensor BLE berdaya rendah untuk menghasilkan aliran data suhu yang berkelanjutan. Untuk mengimplementasikan sistem ini, digunakan sensor BLE Xiaomi Mijia, papan pengembangan ESP32, dan broker EMQX. Temuan dari eksperimen ini menunjukkan bahwa data dari sensor BLE proprietari dapat dikirimkan dalam format standar IoT melalui protokol standar seperti MQTT. Hal ini menyimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan kit pengembangan seperti ESP32, dimungkinkan untuk menyediakan solusi pemantauan jarak jauh terpusat berbiaya rendah menggunakan sensor BLE komersial pada platform IoT yang umum digunakan
Design and Performance Evaluation of an IoT-Enabled Feed Level Alert System for Smart Fish Feeders
The Feed Level Alert system on the Smart Fish Feeder was designed to monitor fish feed availability in real-time using an Internet of Things approach. Unlike previous research that focused solely on passive monitoring, this system presents a practical implementation equipped with automatic notifications when the fish feed level status reaches a set threshold. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the tank lid and the feed surface, while the DHT-11 sensor monitors temperature and humidity to maintain feed quality. The ESP32 microcontroller is responsible for processing data and sending alert notifications via Telegram Bot with an average response time of 1,8 seconds. Test calibration results show a detection accuracy of 96,4% and a system reliability of 99,3%. The portable prototype design allows installation without significant mechanical modifications. With its integrative capabilities, this system shows high potential as an efficient, adaptive, and sustainable innovative aquaculture.
Comparative Performance Analysis of PID and Fuzzy Logic Controllers for AC Motor Speed Control under Load
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan kinerja pengendali PID dan pengendali logika fuzzy (FLC) dalam mengendalikan kecepatan motor AC yang digerakkan oleh pengendali frekuensi variabel (VFD). Evaluasi kinerja dilakukan menggunakan analisis domain waktu, termasuk waktu naik, overshoot, dan kesalahan riak keadaan tetap (SSRE) pada berbagai variasi titik set dan beban. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa pengendali PID secara konsisten menghasilkan waktu naik yang lebih cepat daripada FLC pada semua kondisi uji, menunjukkan respons sistem awal yang lebih agresif. Dalam hal overshoot, PID umumnya menghasilkan nilai yang lebih rendah daripada FLC, terutama pada set point sedang dan tinggi. Pada set point 1200 RPM, PID menunjukkan kinerja superior dengan waktu naik sekitar 0,36–0,50 detik, overshoot 3,5–4,8%, dan SSRE sebesar 4,54–5,33%, sedangkan FLC menunjukkan waktu naik sekitar 1,01–1,02 detik, overshoot sebesar 7,5–9,5%, dan SSRE sebesar 7,12–11,54%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pengendali PID lebih efektif dalam menekan puncak respons dan menjaga stabilitas kecepatan pada kondisi steady-state. Selain itu, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa nonlinieritas motor AC dan VFD lebih dominan pada kecepatan rendah, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan overshoot dan SSRE pada kedua pengendali. Nonlinieritas ini terutama disebabkan oleh hubungan torsi-selip nonlinier motor dan efek switching inverter VFD. Secara keseluruhan, pengendali PID menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih baik dan lebih konsisten dibandingkan dengan pengendali FLC dalam sistem pengendalian kecepatan motor AC berbasis VFD.
Implementation of 5-DOF Robot Arm Control with Inverse Kinematics Through Interactive GUI
Makalah ini memaparkan desain, implementasi, dan evaluasi eksperimental sistem kendali lengan robot 5-derajat kebebasan (5-DOF) yang didasarkan pada kinematika terbalik geometris dan antarmuka pengguna grafis berbasis Python untuk aplikasi pendidikan. Algoritma kinematika terbalik geometris dalam bentuk tertutup digunakan untuk menghitung sudut sendi dari posisi target Kartesius, memungkinkan perhitungan deterministik tanpa penyempurnaan numerik iteratif. Sistem kendali mengintegrasikan komputer host dan mikrokontroler ESP32 melalui komunikasi serial UART untuk menyediakan kendali waktu nyata, validasi ruang kerja, dan verifikasi kinematika berbasis perangkat lunak menggunakan kinematika maju. Untuk menyederhanakan kendali dan fokus pada tugas berbasis posisi, strategi orientasi pergelangan tangan tetap diterapkan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa waktu komputasi kinematika terbalik rata-rata 1,7 ms, sementara evaluasi akurasi posisi di wilayah ruang kerja representatif menghasilkan kesalahan rata-rata 2,46 mm dan kesalahan maksimum 4,91 mm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang diusulkan memberikan kinerja yang andal, cocok untuk robotika pendidikan dan eksperimen skala laboratorium menggunakan perangkat keras berbiaya rendah. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Comparison of Fuzzy Mamdani and Fuzzy Tsukamoto Methods on Automatic Spray Fan
This study evaluates the implementation of Fuzzy Mamdani and Fuzzy Tsukamoto inference methods in an automated spray fan system designed to mitigate thermal discomfort in tropical climates. Utilizing an Arduino UNO integrated with DHT11 and PIR sensors, the system regulates fan speed and a water pump based on ambient temperature and human presence. Experimental results from 22 data points (25,8°C to 33,3°C) indicate that the Mamdani method exhibits higher sensitivity, initiating fan speed increases at 26,1°C and spray activation at 29,5°C. In contrast, the Tsukamoto method provides a more stable and gradual response, with fan transitions occurring at 28,4°C and spray activation at 30,5°C. While Mamdani is suitable for rapid cooling requirements, Tsukamoto demonstrates superior operational stability and energy efficiency through monotonic output functions. Manual calculations for both methods showed 100% consistency with experimental hardware outputs.
Performance Evaluation of a Custom PID-Based Flight Controller Board for Quadcopter Stabilization
This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a custom standalone flight controller board for quadcopter stabilization using a cascaded Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) control architecture. The hardware integrates an STM32F405 microcontroller, a BMI270 inertial measurement unit (IMU), and a BMP280 barometric sensor to support attitude and altitude control. Experimental evaluations included IMU accuracy testing, rig-based attitude stabilization, and real-flight trials. The IMU achieved average angular errors of ±0,24° (roll), ±0,74° (pitch), and ±0,41° (yaw), indicating reliable orientation measurement. Step-response analysis showed stable transient behavior, with overshoot values of 9,375% for roll, 25% for pitch, and 1,58% for yaw. Static attitude tests yielded mean absolute errors of 0,171° (pitch) and 0,380° (roll). Flight tests confirmed stable attitude and altitude maintenance under real operating conditions. These results demonstrate that the proposed flight controller provides reliable and scalable performance for quadcopter research and development applications.