Comparative Analysis of Two-Ray and COST-231 Propagation Models on Point-to-Point Wireless System BER Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30871/jaic.v10i2.12525Keywords:
Bit Error Rate, COST-231, OFDM, Two-Ray Model, Wireless PropagationAbstract
This study presents a simulation-based comparative analysis of Two-Ray Ground Reflection and COST-231 Hata propagation models on Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in point-to-point OFDM wireless systems. Evaluation is conducted in a semi-urban campus environment at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) Purwakarta over 500 m at 1.8 GHz, representing mixed Line-of-Sight/Non-Line-of-Sight conditions with vegetation and building obstacles. The system employs 16-QAM OFDM with 256 subcarriers, a 64-sample cyclic prefix, and Zero-Forcing equalization. Two-Ray integrates zone-specific attenuation (60 dB vegetation, 4.5 dB knife-edge diffraction, 2 dB scattering) yielding 147.4 dB path loss, while COST-231 with flat Rayleigh fading predicts 129.2 dB—an 18.2 dB difference equivalent to 66-fold power ratio. BER performance is assessed through Monte Carlo simulation framework. Despite substantial path loss disparity, both models achieve target BER of 〖10〗^(-6) at nearly identical SNR thresholds: 18.5687 dB (Two-Ray) versus 18.5271 dB (COST-231), corresponding to 0.0416 dB marginal difference. Results demonstrate that while BER performance remains equivalent with proper OFDM equalization and adequate cyclic prefix, propagation model choice critically impacts link budget planning. COST-231 offers 18.2 dB lower power requirements for suburban deployments, making it more suitable for practical network planning despite equivalent BER performance. This research provides an integrative framework connecting large-scale propagation modeling with system-level BER evaluation, offering practical guidance for model selection in semi-urban point-to-point deployments.
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