Smart System for Early Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30871/jaee.v9i2.11023Keywords:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Internet of Things, Non-invasive, pH sensorAbstract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) occurs when gastric contents reflux into the esophagus, yet early diagnosis remains limited due to the lack of accessible screening tools. This limitation contributes to reduced public awareness and delays in seeking appropriate medical evaluation. To address this problem, this study aims to develop an intelligent system capable of supporting early GERD diagnosis. The proposed system evaluates stomach acid levels through saliva pH measurement and incorporates symptom assessment using the GERD-Q questionnaire, which is widely adopted by internist physicians as a clinical screening instrument. Additional variables—including lifestyle factors, age, height, and weight—are integrated into a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of GERD. The pH sensor demonstrates an accuracy of approximately 99,25%. Future studies will focus on validating the sensor data against patient medical records and comparing the system’s diagnostic performance with standard clinical examinations conducted by healthcare professionals.
Downloads
References
[1] L. P. Suherman, R. Ramdani, V. Septiani, W. Indrayani, A. N. Islamiyah, and P. K. Hasyim, “Pola Penggunaan Obat Pada Pasien Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Bandung,” Pharmacoscript, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 208, Aug. 2021.
[2] N. Vakil, “Developments in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease over the Last 40 Years,” Digestive Diseases, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 127–136, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1159/000533901.
[3] K. Adhisty et al., “Pendeteksi Asam Lambung dengan Menggunakan Sistem Sensor pH,” Artikel Penelitian Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021.
[4] T. Maulana Putera and D. A. Murad, “GACOR (Gastric Acid Detector): Inovasi Alat Pengukur Tingkat Asam Lambung,” 2022.
[5] S. Chae and J. E. Richter, “Wireless 24, 48, and 96 Hour or Impedance or Oropharyngeal Prolonged pH Monitoring: Which Test, When, and Why for GERD?,” Curr Gastroenterol Rep, vol. 20, no. 11, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1007/S11894-018-0659-0.
[6] D. Ang et al., “Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux: an update on current and emerging modalities,” Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol. 1481, no. 1, pp. 154–169, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1111/NYAS.14369.
[7] M. Frazzoni, N. de Bortoli, L. Frazzoni, S. Tolone, V. Savarino, and E. Savarino, “Impedance-pH Monitoring for Diagnosis of Reflux Disease: New Perspectives,” Dig Dis Sci, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 1881–1889, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1007/S10620-017-4625-8.
[8] R. D. Naik, L. Evers, and M. F. Vaezi, “Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of GERD: New Tricks for an Old Disease,” Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–17, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1007/S11938-019-00213-W.
[9] F. Ates et al., “Mucosal impedance discriminates GERD from non-GERD conditions,” Gastroenterology, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 334–343, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1053/J.GASTRO.2014.10.010.
[10] E. Saritas Yuksel et al., “Use of direct, endoscopic-guided measurements of mucosal impedance in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1110–1116, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.CGH.2012.05.018.
[11] D. A. Katzka et al., “Endoscopic Mucosal Impedance Measurements Correlate with Eosinophilia and Dilation of Intercellular Spaces in Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1242-1248.e1, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.CGH.2014.12.032.
[12] M. F. Vaezi, D. Katzka, and F. Zerbib, “Extraesophageal Symptoms and Diseases Attributed to GERD: Where is the Pendulum Swinging Now?,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1018–1029, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.CGH.2018.02.001.
[13] M. Laracca, G. Miele, L. Podestà, and S. Sangiovanni, “A Non-Invasive Technique for Long-Term Monitoring of Gastroesophageal Reflux—A Pilot Study,” Sensors 2023, Vol. 23, Page 9459, vol. 23, no. 23, p. 9459, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.3390/S23239459.
[14] Y. J. Wang et al., “Salivary Pepsin as an Intrinsic Marker for Diagnosis of Sub-types of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-related Disorders,” J Neurogastroenterol Motil, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 74–84, 2020, doi: 10.5056/JNM19032.
[15] R. Yadlapati et al., “Abilities of Oropharyngeal pH Tests and Salivary Pepsin Analysis to Discriminate Between Asymptomatic Volunteers and Subjects with Symptoms of Laryngeal Irritation,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 535-542.e2, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.CGH.2015.11.017.
[16] E. Ocak, G. Kubat, and İ. Yorulmaz, “Immunoserologic Pepsin Detection in The Saliva as a Non-Invasive Rapid Diagnostic Test for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux,” Balkan Med J, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 46, 2015, doi: 10.5152/BALKANMEDJ.2015.15824.
[17] D. S. Kariza, A. Jamaludin, and A. Perimajaya, “Expert System Diagnosing Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Using Certainty-Factor Method,” Jurnal Mantik, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2685–4236, 2022.
[18] R. Jones et al., “Development of the GerdQ, a tool for the diagnosis and management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care,” Aliment Pharmacol Ther, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1030–1038, Nov. 2009, doi: 10.1111/J.1365-2036.2009.04142.X.
[19] R. Yadlapati et al., “AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Personalized Approach to the Evaluation and Management of GERD: Expert Review,” Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 984-994.e1, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.CGH.2022.01.025.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) ) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Open Access Policy
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.
