Boono, Benjamin, Mabela Rostin Makengo, Kikomba Kahungu Michael, Mbuyi Lunkondo Patience, and Kipulu Ngimbi Serge. 2026. “Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for Interval-Valued Symbolic Data: A Comparison of the Center and Vertex (TOPS) Methods”. Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing 10 (2):1530-40. https://doi.org/10.30871/jaic.v10i2.12381.